Louis Pasteur Class 8 P1B9A6
Answer the following questions:
(a) What happened one day while Louis Pasteur was playing with his friends?
One day, while Louis Pasteur was playing with his friends, he saw a man suffering from rabies being chased by a group of people. This incident left a deep impression on him and inspired his later work on the rabies vaccine.
(b) What does rabies cause in human beings?
Rabies causes severe symptoms in human beings, including high fever, difficulty in swallowing, fear of water (hydrophobia), convulsions, and, if untreated, it can lead to death.
(c) What experiments did Pasteur conduct on rabbits?
Louis Pasteur conducted experiments on rabbits to study the rabies virus. He weakened the virus and injected it into rabbits to develop a vaccine. By observing their reactions, he was able to create an effective rabies vaccine.
(d) Who was Pasteur’s first human patient? Was his treatment successful?
Pasteur’s first human patient was a young boy named Joseph Meister, who had been bitten by a rabid dog. Pasteur’s treatment using the rabies vaccine was successful, and Joseph Meister recovered completely.
(e) When and where did the French government establish the Pasteur Institute? What is it famous for?
The French government established the Pasteur Institute in 1888 in Paris, France. It is famous for its research in microbiology and diseases, and it continues to develop vaccines and treatments for various illnesses.
2. You must have noticed that the lesson has many words related to diseases. Read the lesson carefully and note down all these words in the word web below. One has been done for you.
Word Web for “DISEASE”
Virus (already given)
Bacteria
Rabies
Infection
Symptoms
Vaccine
Microorganism
Hydrophobia
Fever
3. Here are five friends sharing information about diseases. Complete their dialogues with information from the lesson.
Dialogue Completion
(a) Puja:“Beware of animal bites, especially from rabid dogs, as they can cause rabies, a deadly disease.”(b) Rohan:“Measles is a deadly disease. It can lead to high fever, rashes, and even serious complications if not treated properly.”(c) Pushpa:“Rabies causes fear of water, convulsions, and paralysis in humans, and it can be fatal without timely treatment.”(d) Jumon:“The anopheles mosquito spreads diseases like malaria by transmitting harmful microorganisms.”(e) Sam:“Vaccines, like the one developed by Louis Pasteur for rabies, protect us from severe diseases and save lives.”
4. Completing the Flowchart
Here is the completed flowchart based on the chain of events in the lesson:
Pasteur sees a man bitten by a mad wolf.
He is deeply affected by the suffering caused by rabies.
Pasteur decides to study the disease and conducts experiments on rabbits.
He develops a vaccine for rabies by weakening the virus.
A boy named Joseph Meister is bitten by a rabid dog.
Pasteur treats Joseph Meister with the vaccine.
Joseph Meister recovers completely, proving the vaccine’s success.
The French government establishes the Pasteur Institute to honor his contributions.
5. Identifying the Grammatical Structure
The words printed in italics are in the Passive Voice.
Example:
A man came running towards Louis Pasteur. (Active Voice)
Someone has been bitten by a mad wolf from the mountain. (Passive Voice)
Explanation:In passive voice, the subject receives the action rather than performing it. This structure is often used to emphasize the action or the object of the action.
By changing the verb forms, the sentence can also be written in the following way:
(a) A mad wolf from the mountain has bitten someone.This sentence is in the Active Voice.
6. (a)(a) Let’s learn some tense forms:
Active Voice: Louis Pasteur conducted experiments on rabbits.Passive Voice: Experiments on rabbits were conducted by Louis Pasteur.Active Voice: He developed a vaccine for rabies.Passive Voice: A vaccine for rabies was developed by him.Active Voice: The French government established the Pasteur Institute.Passive Voice: The Pasteur Institute was established by the French government.Active Voice: Joseph Meister recovered completely after the treatment.Passive Voice: Complete recovery was achieved by Joseph Meister after the treatment.Active Voice: The man ran towards Louis Pasteur for help.Passive Voice: Help was sought by the man as he ran towards Louis Pasteur.
(b) We use the Present Continuous tense to express an action that is presently going on:
He is working on his experiment.
(c) Simple Present Tense or Present Continuous Tense
(i) We play football in the afternoon. (habitual action)
(ii) The sun rises in the east. (universal truth)(iii) Don’t make a noise; the baby is sleeping. (action presently going on)
(iv) Someone is knocking at the door; can you hear it? (action presently going on)(v) The man is running towards the bus. (action presently going on)(vi) The bus usually comes at 8 o’clock. (Simple Present Tense for habitual action)
(vii) He is preparing for an engineering entrance examination. (Present Continuous Tense for an ongoing action)(viii) He is learning German. (Present Continuous Tense for an ongoing action)
7. (a) Usage of the Simple Past Tense:
To talk about an action that has already taken place:Example: This method of treatment of rabies made Pasteur famous all over the world.To show a series of completed actions:Example: He injected the boy with the virus and kept him under watch.
Activity:
Complete the following sentences using the Simple Past Tense of the verbs in brackets:
Louis Pasteur saw (see) a man bitten by a rabid wolf.
He conducted (conduct) experiments on rabbits to develop a vaccine.
The boy recovered (recover) completely after the treatment.
The French government established (establish) the Pasteur Institute in Paris.
Joseph Meister became (become) the first human to be treated for rabies.
Pasteur worked (work) hard to find a cure for the disease.
The institute gained (gain) fame for its contributions to microbiology.
(b) Usage of the Past Continuous Tense:
To refer to an action that was going on for a certain period in the past:Example: One day, a boy called Louis Pasteur was playing with his friends.To show that something happened while another action was going on:Example: Many years later, when he was experimenting on rabbits, he found the deadly virus that causes rabies.
Activity:
Complete the following sentences using the Past Continuous Tense of the verbs in brackets:
Pasteur was studying (study) microorganisms to develop a cure for rabies.
The boy was crying (cry) when Pasteur saw him for the first time.
When the wolf attacked, the man was walking (walk) in the forest.
While Pasteur was conducting (conduct) experiments on rabbits, he discovered the weakened virus.
The villagers were discussing (discuss) the treatment when Pasteur arrived.
(c) Completed Sentences with Correct Tense Forms:
(i) Louis Pasteur died in 1895. (Simple Past Tense for an action that has already taken place)
(ii) Pasteur knew that the mad wolf was suffering from rabies. (Past Continuous Tense to indicate an ongoing action in the past)
(iii) When I reached his house, he was having lunch. (Past Continuous Tense to show an action in progress when another action occurred)
(iv) I arrived last evening. (Simple Past Tense for a completed action)
(v) The boys were playing football when it suddenly began to rain. (Past Continuous Tense for an ongoing action interrupted by another action in the Simple Past)
8. Imagine you are the young boy who was bitten by the mad dog. You are telling your friends what happened when you were coming home from school. Fill in the gaps in the passage below with correct forms of the verbs to complete your story.
Yesterday I ______ ______ (return) from school alone. On the way I ____ (see) a group of boys around a dog. The dog _____ (seem) to be mad, and the boys ______ ______ (throw) stones at it. This ______ (make) the dog angry and frightened. The dog _______ (begin) to bark angrily. The boys ______ (find) this very funny and they _______ (hit) the dog with a stick. I ______ _____ (stand) nearby quietly. Suddenly the dog ____ (rush) at me and ______ (bite) me. I _____ (shout) to the boys to help me. But they _____ (run) away. The dog _______ (is) so angry that it ______ (will) not let go of my leg. Finally, three men from a nearby shop _____ (come) out and ______ (chase) the dog away
Ans: Completed Story with Correct Verb Forms:
Yesterday I was returning (return) from school alone. On the way, I saw (see) a group of boys around a dog. The dog seemed (seem) to be mad, and the boys were throwing (throw) stones at it. This made (make) the dog angry and frightened. The dog began (begin) to bark angrily. The boys found (find) this very funny, and they hit (hit) the dog with a stick. I was standing (stand) nearby quietly. Suddenly, the dog rushed (rush) at me and bit (bite) me. I shouted (shout) to the boys to help me. But they ran (run) away. The dog was (is) so angry that it would (will) not let go of my leg. Finally, three men from a nearby shop came (come) out and chased (chase) the dog away.
9. Matching Words to Their Meanings
Scared→ To be frightened of something or afraid that something bad might happen.Scratched→ When the skin is cut or damaged slightly with something sharp, such as nails.Ailing→ Sick and not improving.Virus→ A very small living thing that you can only see under a microscope.Micro-organism→ A living thing, too small to be seen without a microscope, that causes infectious diseases.
11. Look at the following sentences. They are in Direct speech. Imagine you are reporting the conversation to someone. Rewrite the sentences in Indirect/Reported Speech.
(a) “What is the matter?” Louis asked him.
(b) “Can you save my son?” the woman asked Louis.
(c) “I’ll do whatever I can,” said Louis to the boy
Ans:
(a) Louis asked him what the matter was.
(b) The woman asked Louis if he could save her son.(c) Louis told the boy that he would do whatever he could.